- In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Muhammad Messenger of God
By al-Shaykh 'Abdu-r-Rahman Pasqui
by Site www.huda.it -
- biography and family tree of the Prophet Muhammad
Date of birth: According to reliable historical research findings accurate the birth of the Prophet Muhàmrnad dates from the 12th of the month of Rabi first Year of the Elephant (53 years before Hegira), which corresponds with the greatest probability to 22 April 570 AD, a day on Monday
Place of birth: Mecca in the Hijaz region , situated, overlooking the Red Sea , in the central zone of the Arabian peninsula, known Giazìratu-l-'Arab. Continent: Asia .
Parents: 'Abdu Lldh Bintu and Amina Wahbi.
Grandfather: Abdel Muttalib - Great-grandfather: Hashim - great-grandmother: Abdu Manaf
(son) of Qusàyy - (son) of Kilāb - ( son) of Murrah - (son) of Ka'ba
(son) of Lu'àyy - (son) of Ghalib - (son) of Fahr - (son) of Malik
(son) of Nadr - (son) of Kinānah - (son) of Khazīmah
(son) of Mùdrakah - (son) Ilyas - (son) of Mudar
(son) Nazario - (son) of Ma'àdd - (child) of 'Adnan - (son) of Udd
(son) of Udad - (son) of Humàysa' - (son ) of Yàsgiub
(son) of Nabi - (son) of Giamila - (son) of Qīdār - (son) of Isma'il
(son) Ibrahim - (linden) A Tsar - (child) of Nāhūr - (son) of Ashu '
(son) of Ur'ūsh - (son) of Nafi' - (child) of 'Abir (the people of the Prophet Hud)
(son) of Shālikh - (son) of Arfàkhshad - (son) of Shem
(son) of Nuh - (child) of Làmlak - (son) Anusha - (son) of Shàyth
(son) of Adam, God created the clay
The most important events of his life
◊ born in Mecca, no father, 22 April 570 AD, corresponds to the 12th of Rabi lst 53 first year of the Hegira.
◊ At the age of 6 years, is motherless. It is taken by his grandfather.
◊ At the age of 8 years, the death of his grandfather, is taking his paternal uncle Abu Talib.
◊ At the age of 12 years accompanying his uncle to Syria. During their journey, Busra, monaco a Christian recognizes him as the Prophet announced by Moses and Jesus
◊ At the age of 23-24 years according to travel to Syria, this time as trustee business imprenditricemeccana Khadīgiah a name.
◊ At the age of 25 years marriage Khadīgiah.
◊ At the age of 35 years ago. arbitrator in the dispute between the elders of the important families of Mecca who vie for the privilege of placing the Black Stone in its place in the corner of NobileKà'bah.
◊ At the age of 40 years receives Investiture Apostolic-Prophetic and the first Quranic revelation in the Night of Destiny, by the archangel Gabriel during the month diRamadàn in the cave of Mount Hira '. Shortly afterwards he began preaching Islam deprived of basic message: "Nobody has the right to be worshiped but God, Muhammad is the Apostle of God."
◊ In the third year investiture Apostolic-Prophetic Preaching begins the public. Start the repression by conservative class dominantemeccana.
◊ From the fifth to seventh year of the persecution is constantly growing and in the seventh year and the entire famigliaHascemita the Prophet are banned and confined to the valley of Shì'b.
◊ In the ninth year the notice is revoked for reasons of political expediency and an end the exile.
◊ In the tenth year of the prophecy, called They are suffering, dying a few months away, the zioAbu Talib, who had grown up with its prestige and receiving protected by hatred of leaders of Mecca and Khadīgiah, the beloved wife who had always supported in the most difficult of the Mission. The night of the 27th month of Ragiab of the tenth year is the miracle of al-Isra 'wa l-Mi'ràğ. The Prophet is transported over a single night from Mecca to Jerusalem by the Al-Aqsa Mosque and Jerusalem in the Presence of God and the divine presence in Mecca.
◊ In the twelfth year of preaching, although opposed in every way, continues, and the Prophet first received the oath from a group diAqaba inhabitants of Yathrib converted to Islam.
◊ In the thirteenth year is the second pledge of Aqaba again by the inhabitants of Yàtlirib, inviting the Prophet to move to their city. Ne] the same year, the management mechanism of killing the Prophet and organizing a conspiracy, but the Prophet to escape the attack. his life and one of the Companions of the first hour, the fidoAbu Bakr, the 27th of the month of Safar, part direct from Mecca to Yathrib, pursued by bounty killers hired by the management mechanism to kill. The eight-Awwal Rabi'ul (September 622 AD), comes to Yathrib, becomes Medinatu-n-Nabiyy (the city of the Prophet).
◊ 1, Year of the Hegira. He founded the Mosque in Medina.
◊ Year 2nd Hijrah: The Battle of Badr. At the head of 313 men, with God's help, leads to the miraculous victory of the Muslims on the overwhelming forces of disbelief. ◊
3rd year of the Hegira. Battle of Uhud. The Meccans come looking for revenge on the outskirts of Medina and near Mount Uhud is a clash which, after various events, results in a new resounding failure of the Meccan leadership.
◊ 5 th Year of the Hegira. Medina was besieged by the confederation Jewish-Bedouin-idolatrous. The Prophet directed the defense and, with the help of the mighty God, the victory smiles to the Muslims.
◊ 6 th Year of the Hegira. Hudaybiyah treaty with the Prophet deserves a ten-year truce with the leaders of Mecca.
◊ 7 th year of the Hegira. Conquest and subjugation of the oasis of Khaybar Jewish settlement, whose leaders were conspiring with the Bedouin tribes to attack Medina.
◊ 8th year of the Hegira. The Meccans Hndaybiyah violate the treaty. The Prophet from Medina moves with the Islamic Army for the Liberation of Mecca from the domain-idolatrous polytheistic. On 20 Ramadan the Prophet entered Mecca without a fight, who surrendered without resistance at the discretion of the weapon of Islam. The Prophet made purification of the Noble dall'abominio Ka'ba of idols, breaking down one by one under astonished eyes of the Meccans, who expect the outbreak of the wrath of the gods on Muhammad. Proved fruitless waiting, is the general conversion to Islam of Mecca, who swear allegiance to the Prophet. He asked them:''O Coreisciti, how do you think I'm gonna treat you? ". They said: "O noble brother and son of a noble brother, you do not expect anything but good." He said:''I tell you what Joseph said to his brothers: 'Today, there is no blame on you. Go in peace: you are free. "
◊ Battle of Hunayn and victory over the coalition of anti-Islamic Bedouin tribes of the south ( Shawwal).
◊ 9 th Year of the Hegira: The Prophet led the expedition against the Byzantine Empire, perhaps waiting for the enemy's military. Islamic army stood at Tabuk. the track joins the caravan route to Damascus to Yemen. During the visit to Tabuk, which lasted for about a month to the faithful, the Prophet's famous speech, known to history as the khutba of Tabuk.
◊ ° l0 Hegira Year: The prophet goes on pilgrimage to Mecca, 9 of Zulhìggiah , the small rise in the plain of Arafat, is a khutba, later known as the khutba Adda, The 14 of Zulhìggiah made the three days he returned to Medina. very tired. In the last days of Safar (two months after returning to Medina) began the last phase of the illness, which concludes on 12 Rahi'ul -Awwal, in which the Prophet makes the soul to God
few days before his death the Prophet's Mosque is in a khutba so moving that the faithful will weep. One of them says: "O Apostle of God, your khutba has the feel of a farewell speech. Give us the directives ", the Prophet then said:
" I recommend the Fear of God, mighty and exalted is He, obedience, obey, even if it has been chosen to command a black slave. Know that not long after my departure will take place severe upheavals, but you always adhere to my Sunna and that of my rightly-guided successors Orthodox. Beware of any change, because every change is heresy, every heresy is misdirection and misdirection has for each outcome fire.''
Personality of the Prophet
The Prophet was a gentle man, right. virtuous and generous anything else ever. If money was available. never went to sleep without having first distributed between the poor. He ate everything and disgusted no food. but his power was made up mainly of dates, barley. bread and olive oil, bread and vinegar. When there was nothing to eat, to soothe the pangs of hunger, put a stone on the abdomen. Do not eat lying down on your back and even on the side. Not only never ate in stitches. but, until he met his Lord, rarely happened that could eat bread for more than three days in a row. When a shoe broke, it was him that if the adjustment and it was he who mended clothes and put them in patches. when necessary. When not busy in worship, teaching, stayed home and helped their wives in the household. Milked personally goats and helped the boys to grind grain. In him was the absolute rejection of any illicit relationship with the sexes, which was associated with the cult of a free and confidential one composed of modesty. Did not refuse the invitation of the rich, but not that of the poor. When did the gift of something to eat as a gift I like it and eat it, it was also a glass of milk or yogurt would not accept, however. for them the alms (s but after taking it distributed to the needy. He was affectionate with the children and the poor. doing everything possible to ac ******* Arli in their demands. Do not be angry, when the offended , as he went into a rage when he was only offended God was adamant in justice and truth. Prefers others to himself, and feared neither poverty nor avarice. He accepted invitations to wedding parties, went to visit the sick and took part in the funeral. Had the highest degree the gift of humility, great was his spiritual tranquility and was unknown to the ostentation and pride. It was not attracted by worldly things, so simply dressed and ate like you feed the people. When you move, was riding on horseback, camel, donkey or mule without ostentation. but he walked on foot. Liked the scent and was disturbed by odors. He sat and ate with the poor with the poor. ******* Was or when he saw people behave. Maintaining good relationships with family members, but without favoritism. Never did his relationship with someone, always accept the apologies of those who had offended him, when he was offered. Did not disdain to speak in a polite and witty purposes of fun or joy in talking and always told the truth. When he laughed, he never did so vulgar, indeed, one might say, clicks, rather than laughing, smiling. He appreciated the great fun and he amused himself by running competition with his wife, where he won once and once she accepted them with patience the wrongs, and when it happened, the hard and bad behavior against him by people ignorant of the truth. Everyone who had occasion to be with him, thought to be closer to his heart than any other. It was never meant to disrespect a person of low social status, nor ever had awe (princes and kings. He invited them all to be servants of God, the same level. It was no letters, not knowing nor read or write. He was born without a father and mother also was orphaned at the age of six years. In an environment governed by the] 'deceit and treachery, his good behavior and fair earned him the epithets of "the true "and" trustworthy.''He married the first wife of twenty-five years. when you do was forty, and, in a society where there was the custom of polygamy unlimited, lived with her in monogamous marriages or for twenty-six years. spouses only after being widowed. He received the revelation at the age of forty years and devoted himself to the prophetic-apostolic mission entrusted to him by God, the splendor of His light shine. body and soul. There are many episodes that show his humanity and his kindness. And appealed for patience. el'imprecazione prevent violence, advocating mercy. A jew in Medina. who lived near him, threw garbage every day of his home at the door of the Prophet, which removes it. One day the Prophet did not find the trash and immediately asked news Jew knew he was sick, went to visit him, wishing him a cure (the jew, he recognized the dignity of the Prophet, he converted to Islam). One day, the passage of the funeral of my jew, he rose as a sign of respect. He was pointed out that he was a jew said to him: "Is it not also a human being?" (Or as he said). One day a Bedouin. taking him violently to the suit, yelling that he demanded the return of something. Omar stepped in and was about to get their hands on the Bedouin, but the Prophet stopped him saying: "O Qmar, stop! You have to do is to tell me to pay my debts and to say him not to behave in this way "(or as he said). Another time, he saw a bird fluttering around screaming with a group of companions and noticed that they were in the hands of nidiaci, said: "Please return immediately to the young mother" (or as he said). One day, someone asked for an amnesty for a noble woman of Mecca who had committed a theft. The Prophet said: "If Fatima the daughter of Muhammad, steal, cut off her hand, as it is ordained by God-Lo! (Or as he said). Urged to respect animals, and mistreat them by banning them orders, to comply. He took the example of the man to whom, for giving a drink to a thirsty dog, God forgave all the sins and the woman who deserved hell for having starved to death a cat, after closing it in a cage. Urged to respect the environment. ordering of non-polluting.
These are just some examples of great humanity delta of the Prophet Muhammad that God, the splendor of His light shine, proposed to all men as a model of behavior and teacher of life, that they, imitating the examples and putting into practice the precepts , can achieve peace in the Truth and Justice (Peace, Justice and Truth are three of ninety-nine beautiful epithet of God), which are the pillars of Islam.
Quality of Prophet
One day he was asked al-Hasan, God be pleased with him, the grandson of the Prophet, speaking of the appearance of Grandpa.
He said
"I have asked the same question to my uncle Hind about the appearance of the Apostle of God and he replied:
'The Apostle of God looked imposing and majestic. His face was bright, a brightness comparable to that of the full moon. His height was a bit 'higher than average and a bit' lower than that usually defines high. His head was well in proportion to the size and her hair was not de de frizzy hair, were divided into two parts by a line in the middle and, with regard to it / them their length, they never went further down the lobes of his ears. His complexion was delicate and his high forehead, the two had bushy eyebrows and a small space between them. There was a vein in that space, that when he was in anger swelled. The nose was long and there was a line of light on it, that someone, without thinking, might have mistaken for his nose. His beard was thick. his eyes had the black eyes, her cheeks create solid, his mouth was large and his teeth were white and of the intervals. The hairs on his chest formed a thin line. his neck was similar to that of a statue of pure silver. His body was well proportioned. His physique was solid and full. The size of the chest and abdomen were the same ones. His chest was deep and wide was the distance between his shoulders, his calves were solid and full. It was bright. As I said, between the neck and navel there was a line of hairs, but the rest of his I had no chest, had, however, forearms and shoulders and upper chest. His wrists were strong: the broad palms of his hands, which were thick and solid were his feet, which had smooth skin so that we glided over the water, her fingers were long and its excellent musculature. When he walked, his gait was as if he were descending from a hill. He walked in a dignified and peaceful. but firmly, as if down a slope. When someone had to turn down the street, he turned with his whole body. He kept his eyes down and looked more down that up. He controlled the silo view. He spoke first to his companions and waved to everyone first met.
When he had finished speaking, I asked again: 'O uncle, tell me how it was his behavior!'
And Ibn Abi Hala said
'The Apostle of God, because of his concern for the salvation of man from fire was constantly worried and was always thoughtful. He did not speak except when necessary and spent a long time in silence. His temper was mild. A much appreciated gift, though small. He did not care to make sure you get what was owed to him or angry. When indicated, he did it with the whole hand. When he was surprised by something turning your palms up and down. When he spoke, he wore his right thumb in the palm of his left hand. When he was angry, he went and turned his face. When he was happy looked toward the ground. In general, her laughter was a faint smile, so you could see his teeth, which were white as hailstones. "
was asked, again, al-Hasan said, he was aware of the behavior of the Apostle of God when he was in his house. Al-Hasan replied:
"I asked one day, my father ('Ali ibn Abi Talib), who said:
'When he was in the house divided his time into three parts: one for God, a part for his family and a part for himself. Time that used for the cause of God most of them devoted to the common people and not reserved anything for himself in particular, to the exclusion of others, his conduct in the part reserved to himself preferred to be deserving and dedicated people with a burst of time corresponding to their excellence in the Islamic line of conduct, he took care of them and kept them busy in doing good things for them and for the community. He used to say, 'Who is to report things to those who are absent and you have to let me know what they need all those who do not have the opportunity to be their to let me know'.
Then I asked how he behaved when he went out. And my father said
'The Apostle of God was cautious with people, but did not give it to Dividends, looking away or treating so rude. His policy was balanced, with no changes. It was not negligent for fear that people became negligent, nor was pressing for fear that people get tired. He was prepared for any eventuality. Do not neglect a right, nor is indebted to the point of being forced to ask for help from others to fulfill their commitments. The people he admired most were those who had good advice for all. Those, then, for which he was the highest esteem were those who had supported and helped '.
I asked. yet. of its behavior in meetings.
My father told me:
'The Apostle of God does not get up or sit down without ever mentioning it in the name God, nor do you ever reserved a special place, and had forbidden other click they did. If someone sitting next to him, or stood next to him to and question him, granted him his time until the person went away. When someone asked him something he needed, and if he could have it, it parted with had they applied for and who, if he could not, consoled him with kind words. He had a very good and friendly behavior, behaving with a fatherly affection towards all. His attitude in the assemblies was characterized by forbearance, moderation, patience and confidence. In those who participated had decided that he would rise no voices, no defects were made public for someone or that someone spoke to him of transgressions same task. Those who attended were loyal to each other in their fear of the grace of God and acted with humility. Older people enjoyed great respect and compassion for the young and there was leniency. I need help they received and so were treated with hospitality to strangers'.
I asked how he behaved with his Companions.
And my father said,
'with his companions, the Apostle of God was always smiling, his tone was always reassuring and his manner was gentle. Do not ever cursed or used indecent language. Do not find fault with someone or praising him too, what was not essential for salvation from the heat did not even consider, considering it unnecessary. Three things were in the impossible: the hypocrisy, the accumulation of material goods, the curiosity for things that did not concern him. Three things about others were foreign to his personality: blame, criticism and try to discover the secrets. When he spoke, he did not say if things do not for which he had said he expected a reward from God when he spoke, his listeners were still sitting with him as if there were birds squatting on their heads. When he was silent, then the others were talking, but without discussion in his presence. When someone was talking to him, all the others were silent until the speaker had finished. Their conversations, then, had as its argument, if not the themes of the speech that had been launched. He was laughing at those things which the others laughed and showed surprise at the things for which others were surprised. He was patient with a stranger who used foul language. He said: 'If anyone asks for something they need, dategliela '. He never breaks a man who was talking, but always expected that what he had done. Or take the floor, or leave. "
Portrait of the Prophet
"The Apostle of God was all good model. God Almighty has praised the character, he has collected all the virtues and it has preserved from sin. He, our Prophet, he used to go with his companions to visit the sick, going to walk away with simple shoes and hats, even if the patient was on the outskirts of Medina. The his clothes were made from fabric made of animal fur, when she was but she dressed when she had, even with clothes made from luxurious fabrics. Did not impose on himself to carry unnecessary things, do not overlook the requirement to obtain what was strictly necessary, it satisfied of what he had and did. peacefully without what had not. When you move from place to place, sometimes went barefoot, sometimes with hooves, but when he had the chance, was also riding a mule, or bareback riding on a horse, or even a camel or a donkey. Sometimes, when he was a beast, was mounted behind him few friends. Sometimes he ate dry bread, sometimes dates, no bread. Sometimes he ate roast lamb, fresh melon and sweet. As he had only consumed and distributed the surplus, ignoring what is not needed and not making the slightest effort to take more than necessary. Do not you ever angry, when an offense involved only him personally, but never kept his anger, when the offense related to God. " (Ibn Hazm)
scope of the apostolic mission - Prophetic
There are four operational aspects of the Apostolic-Prophetic Mission. The essential function of the Prophet is to convey to all mankind, in its entirety. with nothing added or removed, the sooner the Koranic Revelation, who in the name of God the Merciful the supremely merciful. he receives from the angel Gibril, upon him peace. Corollary functions are: Function exegetical authentic interpreter of God's Word (ie the Qur'an). The exemplary role, that of being a model, through its way of life (Sunna) of Islamic behavior. The perceptual functions, namely that he himself is a source of rules of conduct.
God says in the Qur'an:
◊ In Sura 16, entitled an-Nahl (The Bees), all'àyah 84:
"If they, after receiving the messages, turn away, know that you do not communicate the message that lies more with conceptual and linguistic precision."
◊ In Sura 4, entitled an-Nisa (Women), all'àyah 59:
"O believers, obey God, obey the Apostle and those of you who have the Islamic authority, the event of differences of interpretation between about something you seek God and the Apostle if you are believers in God and the Day of Judgement. This policy is for you the best and the fairest. "
◊ In Sura 33, entitled a1-Ahzab (the Confederates), all'àyah 21:
"You apostolate of God is the model of behavior."
and all'àyah 36:
"When God and the Apostle dictated a rule in all matters of conduct, is no longer appropriate a believer or a believer to do his own thing and procedural matters and who does so commits a serious transgression. "
Teachings of the Prophet
The Messenger of God said
"God, the Almighty, does not look or certain your bodies nor your appearance but look up your hearts "
" Who does not treat people with mercy will not receive mercy from God. "
"Believers who have the most complete faith are those who have the best behavior."
"I swear to God he does not believe" (repeated 3 times). We (the companions of the Prophet) asked: "Who then, O Messenger of God". He said: "He who sleeps full while his neighbor is hungry."
"None of you is "really" a believer until he loves for his brother (the next) what he loves for himself ".
"Fear God wherever you are. You can follow a bad deed with good deed, it will delete the. Act against the people by adopting good behavior. "
"never condemn any good action (at least it should), nor that which is meeting your brother (the next) with a friendly face."
"The believer (true) is not the one who insults and denigrates the time, nor the one who gives curses and slander, nor one that is indecent and immoral, nor one who is leading a dissolute and dissipated life."
"There are three distinctive signs of the hypocrite: when he reports something, mind, when he promises not keep his promise, and when we rely on his loyalty, betrayed."
"He who is diligent in seeking forgiveness directly to God, He frees him from any difficulty he lightens each concern and give its support in an unexpected way. "
"grave sins are: the fact that they associate with God (one or more deities) and the fact of abuse of their parents and disobey them, murder, and the oath deliberately false ".
"The comparison of the earlier Prophets with me is like a man who built a house and he did very nice architecturally, but lacks a brick. People was admired by the perfection of the building and said: 'The building is beautiful, but lacks a brick'. I am that brick, and the Seal of the Prophets. "
"O mankind, spread peace, offer food, visit relatives, pray at night while people sleep in peace will enter Paradise."
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